Mechanisms and effects

• initiates energy production
• acetylation (in liver detox phase II)
• synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones made from cholesterol
• coping with stress
• reducing lactate after exercise
• much more

How the body makes it

• pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
  • (contains alanine)
  • couples with sulfur-containing cysteine to form pantotheine.
• Then ATP gives a phosphate group and adenine molecule

Deficiency

• depression, anxiety, loss of appetite, impaired sense of balance, easy irritability, fatigue, frequent respiratory infection, cardiac instability, and abnormal need for sleep.
• Neurological: numbness, muscle weakness, cramps, abdominal pain and paresthesia (abnormal sensations such as itching and prickling, tingling extremities, and "burning feet" syndrome).
• Biochemical: increased insulin sensitivity, lowered blood cholesterol, decreased serum potassium, and failure of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) to induce eosinopenia.

Supplementation

• Oral route: only by taking precursors
• Appears to be available in injectible form, with these additional ingredients as excipients:
  • calcium gluconate
  • cysteine hydrochlorate
  • magneisum sulfate
• Co-enzyme A reductase inhibition?? (statin!)

My experience

See also my pages

For more information

• Co-Enzyme A and its Role in Anti-Aging —
• The Coenzyme A Pages: information about Coenzyme A precursor formula.